This book comes at a time when virtual organizations(VO), are proliferating exponentially due to the twin catalysts ofglobalization and technological enablement. It provides conceptual frameworksand simple tools for identifying and addressing the complexities of managinggeographically dispersed, virtually linked organizations, which may have grownorganically or inorganically into a potpourri of multiple cultures,capabilities and practices. These can help to scientifically assess the impactof virtualization, balance the physical with the virtual and manage risks usingearly indicators. The book provides mechanisms to recognize, localize, measureand address vulnerabilities. Ensuring knowledge transfer effectiveness (KTE) isvital in VOs. A diagnostic tool has been evolved to measure KTE, isolateproblems and weak links and plan effective interventions. A set of criticalfactors to increase the probability of success of globalization strategies havebeen identified. This book interleaves theory with practice and providesinsights drawn from conversations with business leaders, exploratory surveys,and in-depth research using a large sample. The solid methodologicalunderpinnings serve as a useful template for researchers, while the models canbe contextualized to suit any organization.  Foreword by Mr. Ajit Balakrishnan, Chairman and CEO, Rediff.com;Chairman, Board of Governors, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta.