This volume contains 13 selected lectures from the International Workshop on Mathematical and Computational Biology subtitled 'Computational Morphogenesis, Hierarchical Complexity and Digital Evolution' held at the University of Aizu (Japan). This interdisciplinary workshop brought together researchers working on aspects of evolutionary, mathematical, and computational biology that are of particular interest for computer scientists, biologists, and mathematicians. Discussion topics include mathematical approaches for addressing evolutionary problems (such as replication, multicellularity, individuality, and morphogenesis), the theoretical tools for rigorously developing these questions, software systems and applications.Of special concern were self-replication, the evolution of individuality, symbiogenesis, evolutionary developmental biology, computational morphogenesis, interaction dynamics, the evolution and maintenance of sex, and properties of the digital genetic code. Lectures are organized roughly according to increase of biological scale in the order of themes presented at the workshop.