The book presents a promising avenue for the degradation and detoxification of environmental contaminants by harnessing the capabilities of microbes. Microorganisms can break down, detoxify, and mineralize various contaminants under specific environmental conditions. The book highlights the role of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and microalgae as well as nanotechnology in bioremediation of different environmental contaminants i.e. heavy metals, pesticides, nanomaterials, pharmaceutical products, plastics, microplastic, radioactive material etc. The chapters within this book reflects the diverse and recent advances in the field of bioremediation of environmental pollutants in waste water, soil or agro-industrial waste by means of microbes and nanotechnology, fostering innovation and addressing complex challenges with sustainable solutions. The contributors to this book, experts in their respective fields, offer cutting-edge research and real-world applications. Whether you are an experienced researcher, a student eager to delve into the exciting world of microbial bioremediation, or a curious reader interested in understanding its societal implications, this book provides a comprehensive and accessible resource.