This volume in the Green Chemical Innovations and Sustainability Series presents the latest research on biosurfactant molecules and their role in environmental sustainability. Advances in organic chemistry have traditionally enabled the development of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfactants, largely relying on synthetic materials such as organic polymers. In contrast, biosurfactants—derived from microorganisms or plant sources—offer significant advantages, including high biodegradability, low toxicity, ready availability of raw materials, and ease of application. Also known as green surfactants, these sustainable alternatives play a vital role in modern industrial sectors, including petroleum recovery, personal care products, food processing, and medical applications. Key FeaturesProvides chronological advancements in microbial green surfactants using smart bio-based microorganisms or plant materials. Discusses how green surfactants are obtained from sources based on petroleum or those with microbial or botanical origins and have been extensively used for environmental applications. Includes current developments and challenges during manufacturing of green surfactants. Up-to-date reference material, including websites of interest and information about the latest research.