Revolutionize your approach to environmental protection with this groundbreaking resource, which details how to replace labor-intensive manual analysis with deep learning and explainable AI (XAI) to achieve precise, real-time identification and scalable monitoring of microplastic pollution. AI-driven microplastic monitoring sits at the intersection of environmental science, artificial intelligence, and data analytics, representing a rapidly developing frontier in both research and industry. Microplastic pollution, which has become a critical environmental and public health concern, is challenging to monitor using traditional techniques due to the vast scale, complexity, and minute size of microplastics. Conventional methods, such as manual filtration, microscopic examination, and chemical analysis, are often labor-intensive, time-consuming, and limited in their ability to provide real-time, large-scale data. This book is a groundbreaking exploration of how artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning and explainable AI (XAI), is revolutionizing microplastic research. It highlights innovative applications of deep learning for precise identification and classification of microplastics, while emphasizing the role of XAI in providing transparency and interpretability to AI-driven methods. By integrating these approaches with advanced sensing technologies and predictive models, the book addresses key limitations of traditional methods, offering robust solutions for scalable and accurate monitoring. Additionally, the book considers the ethical, regulatory, and policy implications of deploying AI in environmental science, providing a balanced perspective on the potential benefits and challenges. With contributions from leading researchers and practitioners, this book is an essential resource for environmental scientists, data scientists, policymakers, and technologists committed to sustainable solutions for combating microplastic pollution.