This book selectively defines the current state of technological development of the Ukrainian economy and the prospects for the deployment of energy-efficient technologies in the energy and transport spheres, in particular, in aviation. On the path of its socio-economic development, Ukraine has repeatedly passed through crisis moments that changed the scenarios and trends of the country's development. Today, Ukraine has to evaluate survival scenarios and, in extreme conditions, revise plans for the country's further development. The energy sector in Ukraine and the world exists in a dynamic environment and changes in response to internal and external challenges. Technological solutions for deploying the transition to clean renewable energy sources are already widely available in today's world and continue to develop rapidly. In Ukraine, the problem of energy transition is given special urgency and acuteness by the threat to energy security. The state of Ukraine's traditional energy industry determines the need to reach a modern technological level with the use of innovative renewable technologies for energy production. Increasing the level of domestic energy efficiency will contribute to the diversification of energy supply of central and distributed energy generating systems, which will ensure the creation of a low-carbon national economy and increase the role of domestic energy in the system of international cooperation, including access to international markets of energy goods and services.

The book is composed of 16 chapters in total. All chapters presented by the authors (co-authors) are published in the author’s edition and aim to present an issue on how to achieve more sustainable and more environmentally safe development of the modern transport and energy sector. The contributions of the authors and reviewers in the preparation of this book are sincerely appreciated.