Part 1. Introduction.- 1. History of Research on Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.- Part 2. Minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS).- 2. Hemopexin in Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome.- 3. Angiopoietin-like-4 (Angptl4) in MCNS.- 4. Co-stimulatory molecule CD80 (B7.1) in MCNS.- 5. Energy and Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in minimal change nephrotic syndrome.- 6. The role of c-mip in the pathogenesis of Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome.- 7. REGULATORY T-CELLS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN MINIMAL CHANGE NEPHROPATHY.- 8. CYTOKINES AS ACTIVE FACTORS IN MINIMAL CHANGE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME.- Part 3. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).- 9. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.- 10. CYTOKINES AS ACTIVE FACTORS IN FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS.- Part 4. Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (IMN).- 11. M-Type Phospholipase A2 Receptor (PLA2R) and Thrombospondin Type-1 Domain-Containing 7A (THSD7A) in Membranous Nephropathy.- 12. Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin as Cause of Membranous Nephropathy: From Mice to Men.- Part 5. Treatment in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.- 13. Podocytes as a direct target of drugs used in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.