Despite remarkable advances in synthetic pharmaceuticals, natural products remain an invaluable yet underutilized resource of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. Rapid innovations in cultivation techniques, separation science, spectroscopic characterization, and elucidation of biosynthesis offer new promise for overcoming historic challenges in natural product research. This book makes a compelling case for researchers to continue investment in bioprospecting efforts. Through fascinating case studies, it demonstrates how emerging technologies can be used to tap into nature’s molecular diversity to meet pressing medical needs. Both students and researchers will find inspiration in this comprehensive guide to realizing the full pharmaceutical promise of natural products.