This edited book delves into the critical issue of microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems, offering a comprehensive analysis of its occurrence, detection, and fate. It focuses on the latest research and methodologies for identifying and mitigating the adverse effects of microplastics on aquatic life and ecosystem health. The chapters cover a wide range of topics including the release of microplastics into freshwater sources, their transport mechanisms, their ultimate fate, and their impacts on both flora and fauna. Expert contributors provide detailed insights into the detection strategies and pretreatment methodologies necessary for accurate assessment. The book also explores the entry of microplastics into humans through freshwater sources and their potential health impacts. Additionally, it addresses global distribution patterns and interactions between microplastics and other pollutants. This volume is an essential resource for scientists, policymakers, and environmental specialists dedicated to addressing the pressing issue of microplastic pollution. It provides a thorough understanding of the problem and offers practical solutions to preserve the integrity of freshwater ecosystems for future generations.