Responding to the evolving trend of consumer applications for particulate matter, thisis a comprehensive resource for information from which to develop new concepts to understanding particle actions, measurement, testing, and pathogenic exposure to fine and ultrafine particles. It reviews the mechanisms and properties of pathogenic particles and their pathogenic effects. Contributions from leading researchers address particle-associated pro-inflammatory effects and inflammatory signaling, oxidative and nitrosative stress, particulate interactions in the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems, as well as genotoxic effects of nanoparticles and other particles.