This book explores the intricate relationship between air pollutants and plant responses, highlighting the role of plants as bioindicators, biomarkers and active agents in pollution mitigation. The chapters present the physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of plants to various pollutants, including gaseous substances, heavy metals, particulate matter and acid deposition. The book further addresses the impact of these pollutants on crop yield, food security and rural livelihoods, offering insights into plant-based monitoring of air quality and advancements in bioengineered phytoremediators. Innovative strategies for enhancing air pollution mitigation through the use of plants, moss, algae and trees designed for maximum pollutant sequestration are also discussed. By bridging fundamental plant science with applied environmental research, this volume provides a vital resource for those seeking sustainable solutions to air quality management. The book is a must-read for researchers, policymakers and environmental practitioners, offering a guide to harnessing plant-based strategies in the fight against air pollution.