Introduction (Anne Bremer and Roger Strand).- Chapter 1. Precision oncology in the news (Mille Stenmarck and Irmelin Nilsen).- Chapter 2. Cancer biomarkers from a patient's perspective (Karen Gissum).- Chapter 3. Breast cancer: reconstruction of trouble (Hanna Dillekås).- Chapter 4. HER2: an apparently 'simple' biomarkers revealing the complexities and uncertainties of precision oncology (Elisabeth Wik, Anne Bremer and Lars A. Akslen).- Chapter 5. Integrating genomic and non-genomic factors in shaping the personal fingerprint in personalised cancer treatments (Mariano Bizzari and Andrea Pensotti).- Chapter 6. Systems medicine and perspectives on precision oncology (Rune Kleppe, Inge Jonassen and Roger Strand).- Chapter 7.  Precision oncology: the challenges related to publishing (Maria Lie Lotsberg).- Chapter 8. Filled with Desire, Perceive Molecules (Caroline Engen and Roger Strand).- Chapter 9. Precision health and ethical ambiguity: How much cancer can we afford to prevent? (Leonard Fleck).- Chapter 10. New cancer drugs and the public controversy: how can biomarkers contribute? (Eirik Tranvåg and Roger Strand).- Chapter 11. Assessing the cost-effectiveness of targeted therapies and checkpoint inhibitors (John Cairns).- Chapter 12. Real-world data in Health Technology Assessment of targeted cancer therapy (Jiyeon Kang).- Chapter 13. Negotiating safety and resources in a first in human cancer trial in Denmark (Line Hillersdal).- Conclusion: Precision oncology: Fact or fantasy? (Roger Strand and Anne Bremer).