Section I. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors.- 1 The Road to Fortovase. A History of Saquinavir, the First Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitor.- 2 Clinical Experience with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors: Antiretroviral Results, Questions and Future Strategies.- 3 The Nature of Resistance to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Protease Inhibitors.- 4 The Next Generation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors: Targeting Viral Resistance.- Section II. Other Viral (Non-HIV) Protease Inhibitors.- 5 The Proteinases Encoded by Hepatitis C Virus as Therapeutic Targets.- 6 The Human Herpes-Virus Proteases.- 7 The 3C Proteinases of Picornaviruses and Other Positive-Sense, Single-Stranded RNA Viruses.- 8 Adenovirus Proteinase-Antiviral Target for Triple-Combination Therapy on a Single Enzyme: Potential Inhibitor-Binding Sites.- 9 Proteinases as Virulence Factors in Bacterial Diseases and as Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention with Proteinase Inhibitors.- 10 Parasite Proteases as Targets for Therapy.- Section III. (Non-Viral) Proteases Involved in Diseases.- 11 Host Proteinases as Targets for Therapeutic Intervention.- 12 The Role of Metalloprotease Inhibitors in Cancer and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases.- 13 The Tumor Necrosis Factor-? Converting Enzyme.- 14 Serine Elastases in Inflammatory and Vascular Diseases.- 15 Inhibitors of Thrombin and Factor Xa.- 16 Inhibitors of Papain-Like Cysteine Peptidases in Cancer.- 17 Caspases and Their Natural Inhibitors as Therapeutic Targets for Regulating Apoptosis.- 18 Proteasome and Apoptosis.- 19 Proteolytic Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein of Alzheimer's Disease.- 20 Presenilins and ?-Amyloid Precursor Protein-Proteolytically Processed Proteins Involved in the Generation of Alzheimer's Amyloid ? Peptide.