This book presents advances in railway engineering, including railway wheels, wheel failure mechanisms, innovations in railway track designs, and axle failures. It covers rail–wheel traction characteristics under various environmental conditions for full-scale test conditions, including braking systems. It provides an understanding of the applications of digital twin technology in railway systems, predictive maintenance, performance optimization, and overall system efficiency. It also emphasizes sustainable practices, energy-efficient technologies, and environmental impact assessments. Features:Comprehensively reviews various aspects of railway engineering technology. Discusses major failure mechanisms and various types of braking systems. Covers the modernization of railways and high-speed trains. Explores emerging topics such as digital twin technology, sustainable practices, and autonomous technologies. Includes case studies of railway component failures and accidents. This book is aimed at researchers and professionals in railway and mechanical engineering as well as transportation systems.