Tuberculosis is a major global health threat even today, claiming the lives of millions each year, despite the availability of effective treatments for the disease. The emergence of drug resistance and limitations of existing therapies demand the continuous development of new and improved drugs. This new book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest progress in this field, covering state-of-the-art approaches to untangle the complexities of drug resistance. The book explores diagnosis methods, drug resistance mechanisms, and limitations in existing drugs and proposes strategies such as structural modifications, efflux pathway targeting, and host-directed therapies to overcome resistance. It also looks at artificial intelligence for TB management. Recent advancements in tuberculosis control, vaccine development, and biomarkers are also covered along with visions for the future of TB drug discovery, offering a glimpse into the evolving landscape of combating tuberculosis.