This book serves as a vital resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, addressing the complex challenges posed by climate change, population growth, and environmental degradation. Recent Advances in Water Science is a comprehensive volume that captures the latest developments and innovations in the field of water science. It integrates a wide range of topics, from fundamental hydrological principles to cutting-edge technologies, emphasizing the need for holistic and sustainable water management. This book is organized into several key sections, each addressing critical aspects of water science. It begins with an exploration of the water cycle and hydrological processes, providing essential context for understanding the dynamics of water systems. This foundation is followed by an in-depth look at urban wetlands which are important in water purification, flood mitigation, groundwater recharge, climate regulation, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity support. A significant portion of this book is dedicated to water quality management, addressing pollution control, water treatment, and the impact of emerging contaminants on human health and ecosystems. The importance of sustainable practices and adaptive management strategies is highlighted, especially in the face of changing environmental conditions. This book also examines integrated water resource management (IWRM), emphasizing the need for collaboration and stakeholder engagement to balance competing demands for water. Throughout this book, contributions from leading experts provide insights into current research and future directions. These chapters cover topics such as climate change impacts, application of artificial intelligence in water science, and emerging contaminants. This book also explores the role of policy and governance in shaping sustainable water management practices.