This book reconsiders the concept of Chinese citizenship through the lens of cultural traditions and their deep historical roots. It challenges the state’s monolithic interpretation of culture, exploring how cultural practices influence citizenship in modern China. The contributors to this volume examine how various actors, from government forces to grassroots activists, engage in culture-informed citizenship practices. They highlight the role of political ideology, spirituality, Confucianism, and minority religious traditions in shaping citizenship discourse. By broadening the understanding of Chinese citizenship beyond its Western-centric frameworks, this book delves into issues of socioeconomic injustice, cultural recognition, and the negotiation of civic rights. Readers are offered new perspectives on how China’s unique cultural heritage intertwines with its political structures, providing a nuanced understanding of citizenship in rapidly changing societies. This thought-provoking analysis will engage anyone interested in Chinese politics, culture, and the development of citizenship in a global context. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Citizenship Studies.