Pollution of water sources with emerging contaminants (micropollutants) is a fact known worldwide. This book examines the presence of micropollutants (medicines, hormones, pesticides) in surface water and the lack of success in removal by conventional water treatment options, then explores nanofiltraion and reverse osmosis methods as better options. The author reviews quantification of removals by means of multivariate data analysis techniques, providing a better understanding of the separation of micropollutants by membranes. He discusses increases in water reuse practices and the important role water membrane treatment will play in the removal of micropollutants and the importance of understanding the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis.