This book provides a comprehensive overview of scorpion biology and the medical implications of their venoms. It presents the taxonomic classification, anatomy, morphology, and natural habitats of scorpions, detailing their reproductive processes. It further explores the chemical nature of scorpion venom, discussing its composition, toxicity, and physiological effects, as well as its varied functions and mechanisms of action on ion channels. The chapter also focuses on scorpionism, presenting comprehensive epidemiological data and clinical insights from across the globe and reviewing the origin, evolution, and intricate composition of scorpion venom, framing its functional complexity and evolutionary significance. The book also covers the preventative measures and current treatment strategies for scorpion envenomation. It also addresses the limitations of existing antivenom therapies and examines innovative approaches, including the use of pharmaceuticals to enhance treatment protocols. The final chapter provides the promising biomedical applications of scorpion venom toxins across various medical fields. It discusses the therapeutic potential of these toxins in treating a range of human diseases, from cancer and cardiovascular diseases to autoimmune disorders and diabetes. This book is intended for researchers, clinicians, and students of toxicology, pharmacology, and arachnology.