The main argument of this book is that the revival of European integration in the mid-1980s and the emergence of a New Europe have to be analyzed against the background of globalization and the transnational restructuing of social forces since the early 1970s. The book brings together a range of diverse - but similar - critical perspectives that draw from the work of Antonio Gramsci to provide an alternative to established neo-functionalist and intergovernmentalist approaches. It is argued that these critical perspectives can more adequately analyze various aspects of European integration within the recent context of globalization.