This reference is a compilation of holistic responses of cyanobacteria, ranging from ecological and physiological to the modern aspects of their molecular biology, genomics, and biochemistry. Covering almost every facet of cyanobacterial stress biology, this book is divided into two parts: Bioenergetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Tolerance and Cellular Responses and Ecophysiology. The first part covers photosynthesis and respiration as well as the effect of specific stresses on various cyanobacterial processes. The second part describes symbiosis mechanisms, stress-induced bioproducts, nitrogen fixation, mutation and adaptation, and the cyanotoxin, microcystin.