This book roundly elaborates on the background, development process and historical mission of the system of procuratorial public interest litigation in China. Based on a comparative study of the theories and practices of public interest litigation in major countries in the world, it comprehensively expatiates the significant achievements made by the procuratorial public interest litigation in various aspects, from pilot exploration to comprehensive deployment, from less to more cases handled and from weak to strong influence, as well as the unique value played in promoting the modernization of national governance. By deeply analyzing the theory, the focus is on exploring the functional characteristics and social governance functions of the procuratorial public interest litigation, At the same time, combined with the various difficulties and related problems existing in practice of the procuratorial public interest litigation at present, as well as the public interest issues most strongly reflected by the people, it puts forward many practical and feasible improvement paths and legislative suggestions. lt can be said that the procuratorial public interest litigation has presented the flourishing institutional vitality and vigorous development dynamism, which has become significant innovative achievements of the judicial organs to participate and promote the national governance with providing the world with Chinese wisdom and solutions for the judicial protection of public interests.