Countries in the Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus (EESC) sub-region have considerable potential for sustainable growth and development that will require systematic experimentation with ideas and technologies across their respective economies and societies. This publication supports EESC countries in this challenge through a comparative assessment of the quality and scope of innovation policies, institutions and processes with a clear sustainable-development perspective. Offering policymakers a framework for identifying strengths and weaknesses in their national innovation systems, it delivers actionable policy recommendations at the national and sub-regional levels, including guidance on setting priorities and designing effective interventions. It further identifies opportunities for international donors and private investors to support and invest in innovation for sustainable development in the EESC sub-region.