This book focuses on a promising achievement of biomaterials engineering: surface modifications of titanium and its alloys, including change in surface topography, formation of subsurface layers, and deposition of coating. This book:• Describes titanium and its alloys and applied surface treatment approaches. • Demonstrates electropolishing and anodization of titanium biomaterials, the formation of composite layers by micro-arc oxidation in electrolytes of different compositions, and laser-made surface modification. • Details coatings based on nanohydroxyapatite, chitosan, bioactive glasses, polyetherketone, oils, and other natural polymers, with a separate chapter focused on the thermal stability of hydroxyapatite coatings. • Discusses adhesion and cohesion strengths, important because of the high mechanical stresses imposed on titanium implants. • Considers the biological behavior of modified surfaces regarding bioactivity, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial efficiency, as well as the phenomenon of biofilm formation and possible countermeasures. Authored by world-renowned researchers, this book provides readers working in biomaterials, biomedical, and chemical engineering, as well as medicine, with the most important developments and practical applications in titanium surface modifications.