This textbook is focused on fundamentals of environment and ecology for undergraduate and graduate students. This is first of its kind book dealing with physical environment, ecosystems, biological diversity, environmental pollution, and environment-influenced natural resource ecology and management. This will cater to the needs of the students, examinees, trainees, and teachers. It consists of 23 chapters spread over 5 sections i.e., ecosystem analysis, natural resources, biodiversity, environmental disruptions, and environmental management. The textbook is well aligned with the syllabus of all central and state universities and offers the latest insights as well to the students of undergraduate and postgraduate courses of ecology and environmental sciences. Every chapter provides summary/points to remember and exercises. Each exercise includes 20 multiple-choice questions, 10 short-answer questions, and 5 long-answer questions. The textbook is a comprehensive coverage for basic and advanced courses in ecology and environmental sciences. Each topic is supported by illustrations, tables, and information boxes etc.