How do certain policy issues come to be regarded as "global"? Whose responsibility is it to address them? Why do new global organizations emerge, and how do they interact with the existing system of national and international policymaking? This book takes a unique approach to these questions by focusing on four entities: a globalizing sector (health), a global disease (HIV/AIDS), a global organization (the Global Fund), and a major sovereign nation (China). Assessing the interplay among these four entities, Nicole A. Szlezák asks and investigates how we can design a system of global governance that is both fair and effective.