This book traces current debates on the critical theory of racism in Germany and emphasizes its contribution to the global discourse on racism and anti-racism. It provides a comprehensive examination of the key debates, blind spots, and pitfalls of this theory while exploring the politicization of discussions surrounding the relationship between anti-semitism and racism. The contributions shed light on the current state and weaknesses of anti-racism in Germany, including government measures, while offering alternative understandings of difference and highlighting the importance of solidarity in combating racism. The concept of ‘structural racism’ is presented as central to political conflicts, showing how this term is used in anti-racist movements and the barriers to its discussion. This book examines the link between state violence, restrictive migration policies, police practices, and the moral panic surrounding ‘clan crime’ through the lens of ‘carceral racism.’ It also analyses the crucial role of language in creating racist distinctions, focusing on how the German language can function as a marker of difference and a ‘linguistic hiding place for race.’ The discussion extends to the methodological challenges of integrating critical theories of racism with quantitative methods. This book is an essential read for scholars, students, and activists interested in critical race theory, German studies, migration studies, and global anti-racist movements. It offers valuable insights for anyone seeking to understand how Germany’s specific historical and social context shapes contemporary debates on racism within a broader international framework. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Ethnic and Racial Studies.