The Routledge Companion to World-Literature and the Environment takes a broad, global overview of the history, present and potential futures of environmental and literary studies, demonstrating that world-literature is itself a world-ecological force. Over 36 chapters, the collection moves from early modern imperial activity through to the contemporary climate emergency. This book is organised into seven thematic sections: Commodity Frontiers and Extraction; Fossil Fuel Energetics; Food and Land; Oceans, Fresh Water and Hydropolitics; Disease, Toxicity and Social Reproduction; Emergencies, Wars and Disasters; and Apocalypse and Insurgency. With coverage stretching across Europe, the Americas, Australasia, the Indian subcontinent and East Asia, the Companion takes a multilingual approach, appearing in English yet also tackling texts originally written in Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Portuguese and Spanish, as well as texts containing translated elements of Indigenous languages. Chapters examine multiple genres, modes and media, including novels, short stories, poetry, drama, graphic narratives, nonfiction prose and oral literature. Weaving together eco-materialist approaches to the aesthetic registration of humanity-in-nature, the environmental history of capitalism and world-literary methods of comparativism, this Companion acts as a large-scale guide for new readers and researchers interested in postcolonial studies, global or world-literature, ecocriticism and the environmental humanities. At the same time, it provides an interventionist account of innovative methodological priorities and areas of topical focus for advanced scholars.