This book sheds new light on the urgent need for effective water remediation technologies in the face of growing environmental challenges and water scarcity. It offers a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in water treatment, focusing on strategies to address contamination, restore water quality, and contribute to the World Sustainability Agenda 2030. The book covers various aspects of water pollution, focusing on both organic and metal pollutants and their far-reaching environmental impacts. It presents sustainable applications and innovative remediation strategies, including bioremediation, phytoremediation, biosorbents, and adsorption techniques. Special emphasis is placed on nanomaterials, such as Schiff base metal complexes and green algae-based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which have shown promise in removing pollutants. Furthermore, advanced water treatment methods, such as photocatalytic degradation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and membrane filtration, are explored in depth. A key feature of this volume is the presentation of real-world case studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of various water remediation technologies. It also examines sustainable, nature-based solutions, like using water lettuce for phytoremediation, and their potential for large-scale application. The integration of hybrid technologies and real-time water quality monitoring is also discussed to provide a holistic understanding of modern water management challenges. By bridging the gap between cutting-edge research and practical applications, this book is an invaluable resource for environmental scientists, engineers, policymakers, and students. It not only highlights the latest scientific breakthroughs but also explores regulatory frameworks, policy considerations, and successful water remediation projects worldwide. With its interdisciplinary approach and focus on innovative, sustainable solutions, this volume serves as an essential reference for those committed to ensuring clean, safe, and sustainable water resources for generations to come.