This book examines collaboration as a phenomenon gaining significant attention due to the complex challenges of modern society that individual efforts cannot adequately address. It critically explores collaborative problem-solving (CPS) as a unique social interaction within a specific context, analyzing its potential for generating solutions and fostering participant development, while also highlighting barriers to effective collaboration. The initial chapters provide a conceptual overview, with the first exploring how group processes are embedded into the peer interaction and impact collaboration outcomes, and the second highlighting the joy of collective thinking. Subsequent chapters focus on CPS in educational settings, examining peer dialogue among students and collaboration among teachers. Contributions also address often-overlooked aspects and explore scaffolding strategies and systemic support for fostering collaborative learning environments. This book serves as a valuable resource for scholars and practitioners, enhancing understanding of CPS’s potential and its challenges.