This book presents a collection of cutting-edge scientific research dedicated to the dynamics of natural systems, the impact of anthropogenic factors on the environment, and the interactions between the geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It explores modern modeling techniques, and experimental and theoretical approaches to climate change, geophysical processes, environmental risks, and mineral resource extraction technologies. The widespread adoption of computational technologies has enabled the simulation and analysis of complex phenomena that were previously beyond reach. Meanwhile, the development of next-generation geophysical instruments and advanced remote sensing systems deployed on ships, aircraft, and satellites has provided vast datasets, offering an unprecedented objective view of large-scale environmental processes. The research presented in this book also highlights the critical role of laboratory modeling in studying geo-environmental processes and validating newly developed physical and mathematical models. Advances in measurement technologies, optical imaging, and other innovative methods have opened new possibilities for generating controlled, reproducible laboratory data, fostering the emergence of novel theories and conceptual frameworks. Furthermore, the systematic acquisition of high-resolution experimental data has accelerated progress in analytical and numerical modeling, enhancing our understanding of dynamic processes across Earth’s three fundamental spheres. This book integrates interdisciplinary research, offering a comprehensive perspective on contemporary challenges in Earth sciences. It is a valuable resource for both theorists and practitioners working at the intersection of fundamental and applied disciplines.