This volume provides a broad perspective on the state of the art in the philosophy and conceptual foundations of quantum mechanics. Its essays take their starting point in the work and influence of Itamar Pitowsky, who has greatly influenced our understanding of what is characteristically non-classical about quantum probabilities and quantum logic, and this serves as a vantage point from which they reflect on key ongoing debates in the field. Readers will find a definitive and multi-faceted description of the major open questions in the foundations of quantum mechanics today, including: Is quantum mechanics a new theory of (contextual) probability? Should the quantum state be interpreted objectively or subjectively? How should probability be understood in the Everett interpretation of quantum mechanics? What are the limits of the physical implementation of computation? The impact of this volume goes beyond the exposition of Pitowsky’s influence: it provides a unique collection of essays by leading thinkers containing profound reflections on the field. Chapter 1. Classical logic, classical probability, and quantum mechanics (Samson Abramsky)Chapter 2. Why Scientific Realists Should Reject the Second Dogma of Quantum Mechanic (Valia Allori)Chapter 3. Unscrambling Subjective and Epistemic Probabilities (Guido Bacciagaluppi)Chapter 4. Wigner’s Friend as a Rational Agent (Veronika Baumann, C?aslav Brukner)Chapter 5. Pitowsky's Epistemic Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and the PBR Theorem (Yemima Ben-Menahem)Chapter 6. On the Mathematical Constitution and Explanation of Physical Facts (Joseph Berkovitz)Chapter 7. Everettian probabilities, the Deutsch-Wallace theorem and the Principal Principle (Harvey R. Brown, Gal Ben Porath)Chapter 8. ‘Two Dogmas’ Redu (Jeffrey Bub)Chapter 9. Physical Computability Theses (B. Jack Copeland, Oron Shagrir)Chapter 10. Agents in Healey’s Pragmatist Quantum Theory: A Comparison with Pitowsky’s Approach to Quantum Mechanics (Mauro Dorato)Chapter 11. Quantum Mechanics As a Theory of Observables and States and, Thereby, As a Theory of Probability (John Earman, Laura Ruetsche)Chapter 12. The Measurement Problem and two Dogmas about Quantum Mechanic (Laura Felline)Chapter 13. There Is More Than One Way to Skin a Cat: Quantum Information Principles In a Finite World(Amit Hagar)Chapter 14. Is Quantum Mechanics a New Theory of Probability? (Richard Healey)Chapter 15. Quantum Mechanics as a Theory of Probability (Meir Hemmo, Orly Shenker)Chapter 16. On the Three Types of Bell's Inequalities (Ga´bor Hofer-Szabo´)Chapter 17. On the Descriptive Power of Probability Logic (Ehud Hrushovski)Chapter 18. The Argument against Quantum Computers (Gil Kalai)Chapter 19. Why a Relativistic Quantum Mechanical World Must be Indeterministic (Avi Levy, Meir Hemmo)Chapter 20. Subjectivists about Quantum Probabilities Should be Realists about Quantum States (Wayne C. Myrvold)Chapter 21. The Relativistic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument (Michael Redhead)Chapter 22. What price statistical independence? How Einstein missed the photon.(Simon Saunders)Chapter 23. How (Maximally) Contextual is Quantum Mechanics? (Andrew W. Simmons)Chapter 24. Roots and (Re)Sources of Value (In)Definiteness Versus Contextuality (Karl Svozil) Chapter 25: Schrödinger’s Reaction to the EPR Paper (Jos Uffink)Chapter 26. Derivations of the Born Rule (Lev Vaidman)Chapter 27. Dynamical States and the Conventionality of (Non-) Classicality (Alexander Wilce).