Recent interest in the species Rhodiola rosea (roseroot) in the West arose from the use of the rhizome as an adaptogen for the treatment of stress, but in the last few years, studies have confirmed other valuable medicinal properties. Written by well-known researchers, this volume examines important aspects of this increasingly important medicinal plant, including its botany, taxonomy, ethnobotany, classification, chemistry, phytochemistry, agronomy, and biotechnology. The contributors also describe experimentation with R. rosea in clinical practice for treating depression and anxiety disorders, to improve systemic functions, to augment cancer treatment, and in aerospace medicine.