This book aims to provide a leading forum for sharing original research contributions and practical developments in SMART and sustainable materials and their advancements in remanufacturing to contribute its share for technological advancements. The theme of this book series “SMART” basically defines its title “Sustainable Materials Advancing Remanufacturing and Technology.” In this series, Volume I of this book entitled “Sustainable Materials and Technology: Materials Science & Engineering to Ecology” is dedicated to the use of technology in material science and transformation into sustainable materials. The Earth’s resources are being impacted by the growing need for advanced materials, modern manufacturing processes, and industrial practices that are detrimental to the environment by leaving carbon footprints, using up energy resources, producing garbage, etc. Applications based on functional materials are becoming more and more significant due to recent advancements in material science and technology. Functional materials for sustainable energy applications provide a crucial manual for creating and using these materials in sustainable energy production. The fields of materials science, nanoscience, engineering, and nano/technology are responsible for a fourth industrial revolution in which the world is witnessing how technology is merging digital, biological, chemical, and physical spheres of global human activities. Although, the field has shown great potential to help mankind satisfy the global demand of clean water. Nanofibrous membranes offer promising and improved efficiency in terms of purifying water. Also, cellulose films have been found very useful material to replace plastic. Considering these points, this book explores that how could societies across the world meet their current basic human needs, aspirations, and desires, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs? Because, technology is not free from drawbacks, and it creates severe problems in the environment.