Although belief in karma is widespread today, found in the teachings of established religions and New Age groups alike, it is often misunderstood by both critics and believers. It is seen by some as fatalistic and lacking in compassion when confronted with suffering and misfortune, and by others as a way of indulging their curiosity about past lives. But is it possible to explore karma in a way that avoids these extremes, whilst also taking seriously the idea of individual freedom?In this fascinating and thought-provoking book, Jens Heisterkamp draws on the work of Rudolf Steiner to present an old idea in a new way. He looks at how the idea of karma has developed in eastern and western cultures and the challenges it poses to our modern scientific outlook, and he rejects the view that karma can be a form of punishment. Heisterkamp argues that karma is an essential aspect of individual freedom, allowing us to take responsibility for our actions as part of our ongoing spiritual development. He also looks at how the idea of karma can enhance our encounters with others through an awareness of our deeper connections. This book will appeal to anyone interested in a more considered and nuanced view of an important spiritual subject.