This detailed new edition presents current techniques for researching arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. With an updated and expanded collection of protocols, this book explores molecular quantification, high-resolution imaging, metabolite profiling, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, functional genomics, and advanced cultivation systems. Methods for asymbiotic growth and the study of functional traits of AM fungi and techniques to describe microbial communities, including viruses, associated with AM fungal hyphae are also included. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters feature introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips for troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as a vital resource for researchers working in different areas of AM fungal biology.