This book discusses current developments and upcoming trends in the microbial synthesis of various bioactive compounds from waste product which have a very good market worldwide. The extraction of biologically active compounds from microorganisms is still essential for the creation of novel pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals, and has underpinned their application as drugs and functional food ingredients. The demand of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and agrochemicals is rising globally for the multi-billion dollar market of human disease prevention and treatment. However, the limitations and issues associated with the extraction of these bioactive compounds from natural resources, such as plants, animals, or fungi, limit the large-scale use of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and agrochemicals. The microbial production of agrochemicals, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals by utilizing by utilizing waste product is now thought to be an environmentally benign process. The major goal of this book is to draw attention to excellent original research and review articles that contain cutting-edge characterization techniques and novel bioactive chemicals production that make important contributions to the field with many prospective applications. In this book, the potential for using microbial bioactive compounds which have positive health effects in their entirety is highlighted. This book is written by eminent scientists from around the world and seasoned researchers, thoroughly discusses current developments and patterns in the microbial synthesis of bioactive compounds. Academicians, scientists, researchers, graduate and post-graduate students who work in the highly dynamic and competitive fields of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and agrochemicals discovery will find this book to be ideal.