This book presents a new and comprehensive study of the history of Spanish economic thought. It analyses all the main schools and currents of economic thought that left their mark in the country, from Scholasticism in the 16th century through to Keynesianism in the post-Second World War era. As well as identifying the main authors and works of Spanish economic thought, it establishes their relationship with universal economic thought in such a way that the processes of reception, adaptation and application of these ideas in Spain are at the heart of the book. The book, therefore, emphasises the study of Spanish economic thought in its historical context. Special attention is paid to the various translations and versions of foreign works in the country. The various expressions of institutional economics culture, including the press, universities, political economy and commerce chairs, dictionaries, encyclopaedias, and entities dedicated to the reception, dissemination and application of economic ideas, are also analysed. This book will be of interest to readers of the history of economic thought, reception of economic ideas, intellectual history and Spanish history more broadly.