The representation of women in STEM remains notably lower than the percentage of female undergraduates with STEM degrees, which is particularly evident among leadership positions. There are many issues attributed to this divide, including cultural, gender, and structural biases. Key to addressing these issues is understanding the unique challenges faced by women in STEM careers and how education, resources, support, and recognition can empower women to succeed. This book brings awareness to current challenges faced by women in diverse STEM careers (academia, government, and industry), with an emphasis on the needs of mothers, while also acknowledging the needs of parents, carers, and individuals. There is a focus on institutional and personal challenges, and strategies for success and empowerment are also covered. Chapters provide commentaries, interviews and stories of successful women from around the world supported by literature, statistics and research. The book provides strategies and opportunities to lower and overcome barriers, case studies of successful organizations (e.g., Moms in Proteomics), and strategies for positive policy changes.