This book sheds light on the achievements of the Old European civilization, also known as the Danube civilization, which flourished between 6000 and 3000 BCE. Contrary to popular belief, many elements attributed to Greek origins stem from this pre-Greek culture. Modern research reveals that ancient civilizations developed along two distinct paths: communitarian administration without social hierarchy, as seen in the Danube and Indus civilizations, and state models with hierarchical structures, exemplified by Sumerian and Egyptian cultures. This book highlights how the values and innovations of Old Europe laid the foundation for Greek civilization and, subsequently, Western civilization. By exploring these roots, the study provides modern Europeans with a deeper understanding of their heritage and the diverse origins of their cultural values. The book will appeal to scholars, researchers, and students of political science, history, cultural studies, and anthropology, as well as to everyone interested in a better understanding of European heritage, its values, and the Danube civilization.