Inequality in Preindustrial Latin America is a groundbreaking examination of economic and social disparities in the region, spanning from pre-Columbian times to the nineteenth century. This comprehensive volume with contributions of leading scholars is divided into two parts, offering a multidimensional economic and social analysis of inequality. Part I delves into the measurement and patterns of economic inequality across different regions and periods, presenting new and original regional research that document the magnitude and cycles of economic inequality in Latin America from the times. Part II explores the intricate social relations that engendered and shaped inequality, examining caste and class dynamics, gender disparities, taxation and the impact of slavery. This book shows that the history of inequality in Latin America is as much as story of persistence as it is of constant reinvention that defies stereotypes and simplifications. The volume is vital reading for anyone interested in the history of economic inequality, Latin American history, and economic history more broadly.