While Stalin’s Great Terror has been extensively studied, this is the first book to uncover the fate of Iranian communists and migrant workers in the Soviet Union during the 1930s purges. It reveals how foreign nationals, particularly Iranians, were caught in the machinery of repression during one of the darkest chapters of Soviet history. Using newly accessible Soviet archives, it tells the human stories behind political repressions – stories that were buried for decades and have been entirely absent from both Iranian and Soviet historiography. By reconstructing the lives and fates of those silenced, this book challenges established narratives and emphasises the human cost of political repression. The authors provide detailed individual case studies of Iranians who were arrested, deported or executed, most of whom have never appeared in the historical record before. Speaking to enduring themes of displacement, political persecution and the vulnerability of migrants under authoritarian regimes, it is a vital contribution to both historical scholarship and contemporary political reflection.