The book explores the pivotal role of science and technology in achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) outlined in the agenda 2030 for sustainable development. It emphasizes the importance of integrating science and technology into developing strategies to promote a sustainable and prosperous global future. The book highlights the universal acceptance of the SDGs by United Nations member states, subnational governing bodies, and international organizations. It emphasizes that all stakeholders, including governmental bodies, private enterprises, and civil society, have a responsibility to contribute to the achievement of the SDGs. Science, technology, and innovation are identified as the three pillars essential for achieving the SDGs. The book emphasizes the critical role of science and technology in addressing complex issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, resource depletion, poverty reduction, health, education, gender equality, clean energy, sustainable cities, responsible consumption, and climate action. It helps to develop innovative solutions to promote economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. And provide the necessary knowledge and tools to develop effective policies and strategies in these areas. Furthermore, the book highlights the potential of science and technology in promoting innovation and entrepreneurship, leading to the creation of new businesses and industries that align with sustainable development principles. This fosters economic growth, job creation, and environmental sustainability. It advocates for continued investment in science and technology and their integration into development strategies. The book aims to provide insights into the role of traditional and emerging areas of science and technology in meeting the goals outlined in the SDG document, with a specific focus on India. The book serves as a great source of information for researchers, teachers in basic and applied sciences /social sciences research and policymakers.