Institutions, networks and communities "standardized" the historical discipline and profession in the nineteenth and twentieth century, in both the old and the new European nation states. This collection of essays focuses on the growth of the infrastructure of historiography: the archives, the journals, the biographical dictionaries and the historical museums. It presents the places where historians met one another: sometimes in a formal context, sometimes informally; sometimes in a strictly organised entity, sometimes in looser associations; sometimes with a clear scientific purpose, sometimes for more light-hearted reasons. Finally, it presents the diversity of the writers of history: the university professors working in the hauts lieux of the new historiography, but also less obvious groups such as the clergy, the nobility, women and the exiled historians who continually evoked the past of their abandoned and lost countries.