Mountain Men were the principal figures of the fur trade era, one of the most interesting, dramatic, and truly significant phases of the history of the American trans-Mississippi West during the first half of the 19th Century. These men were of all types—some were fugitives from law and civilization, others were the best in rugged manhood; some were heroic, some brutal, most were adventurous, and many were picturesque. The typical trapper was a young man—strong hardy and adventure loving. Having succumbed to the lure of the wilderness, his thin veneer of civilization soon rubbed off. In the wilds he had little need for money—barter supplied his simple wants. Possibly short on book-learning, he could read moccasin tracks, beaver sign, and trace of the travois. Memorials to them cover the West. Mountain peaks, passes, rivers and lakes carry their names. Towns and counties have been christened in their honor. Their trails have become our highways—their campfire ashes, our cities. The ninth volume includes the biographies of Joseph Bissonet, Dit Bijou; Lemuel Carpenter; Eustache Carriere; Alexander Carson; Toussaint Charbonneau; Auguste Pierre Chouteau; Pierre Chouteau,Jr.; Ramsay Crooks; Edward De Morin; John B. Didier; James Douglas; Lewis Dutton; Russel Farnham; William Gordon; Richard Grant; Caleb Greenwood; Zacharias Ham; William T. Hamilton; Valentine Johnson ("Rube") Herring; John Hoback, Jacob Reznor, and Edward Robinson; David E. Jackson; William Kittson; Charles McKay; Robert McKnight; Joseph McLoughlin; Robert Meldrum; David Meriwether; J.B. Moncravie; John Newman; Pierre Didier Papin; Simon Plamondon; Antoine Reynal; Edward Rose; Hubert Rouleau; John F. A. Sanford; Robert Stuart; Joseph Thing; John H. Weber; Peter M. Weiser; Ezekiel Williams; and George C. Yount.