This textbook provides a comprehensive foundation in the mathematics needed for data science for students and self-learners with a basic mathematical background who are interested in the principles behind computational algorithms in data science. It covers sets, functions, linear algebra, and calculus, and delves deeply into probability and statistics, which are key areas for understanding the algorithms driving modern data science applications. Readers are guided toward unlocking the secrets of algorithms like Principal Component Analysis, Singular Value Decomposition, Linear Regression in two and more dimensions, Simple Neural Networks, Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Logistic Regression and Ridge Regression, illuminating the path from mathematical principles to algorithmic mastery. It is designed to make the material accessible and engaging, guiding readers through a step-by-step progression from basic mathematical concepts to complex data science algorithms. It stands out for its emphasis on worked examples and exercises that encourage active participation, making it particularly beneficial for those with limited mathematical backgrounds but a strong desire to learn. This approach facilitates a smoother transition into more advanced topics. The authors expect readers to be proficient in handling numbers in various formats, including fractions, decimals, percentages, and surds. They should also have a knowledge of introductory algebra, such as manipulating simple algebraic expressions, solving simple equations, and graphing elementary functions, along with a basic understanding of geometry including angles, trigonometry and Pythagoras’ theorem.