This detailed volume navigates the journey from a promising chemical entity to a potential therapeutic agent in cancer research through systematic and rigorous protocols across a spectrum of increasingly sophisticated models. Beginning with foundational in vitro assays for assessing cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects, the book continues by covering mechanisms of action studies, advanced 2D and 3D culture models for the tumor microenvironment and cellular architecture involved in modulating drug response and resistance, in vivo antitumor and efficacy models, as well as immunology and inflammation-related assays and forward-looking clinical studies for cancer research. Written for the Springer Protocols Handbooks series, chapters include the kind of precise implementation advice and methodological clarity that leads to success in advancing the current state of the research. Comprehensive and practical, Advanced Protocols in Cancer Research: Translational Models for Antitumor and Anticancer Drug Discovery serves as a valuable resource for fostering methodological precision and accelerating the translation of scientific discovery into effective cancer therapies.