This book is the culmination of our research in the recent decade on randomized neural networks with data-dependent supervision mechanisms. Traditional randomized neural networks mainly focused on constructing various deep neural networks with data independent random weights, ignoring the impact of the number of nodes and scope of parameters on the universal approximation property (UAP) of randomized neural networks. Comprising of 15 chapters, Advanced Randomized Neural Networks for Pattern Analysis introduces systematic solutions for advanced data-dependent stochastic configuration networks, namely algorithms that assign random parameters and construct network structures incrementally. The book is segmented into three major sections — neural networks optimization, robust data analysis, and deep fusion learning — that feature the successful performance of advanced randomized neural networks in various pattern analysis problems. We anticipate that both researchers and engineers in the field of artificial neural networks, particularly pattern recognition and medical diagnosis, will find this book and the associated algorithms useful, and we hope that anyone with an interest in the related research field will find the book enjoyable and informative.