The healthcare sphere is becoming more interconnected, intelligent and data driven. The management of healthcare data - and developments in the devices, technologies and systems used to obtain, interpret, store and access it - is a key theme for many researchers in healthcare and technology fields. Sensors and IoT devices are increasingly used to obtain better information about patients' health, machine learning and numerical optimization techniques are being deployed in interpreting medical information, and secure healthcare records and telemedicine approaches are needed to enable clinicians and patients to access data remotely. All these technological advances fall under the umbrella term of Healthcare 4.0. This book explores the ideas and practices around utilizing IoT integration within the healthcare ecosystem to improve patient diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment, using machine learning and optimization to develop proactive healthcare systems. The book aims to provide both the necessary theoretical foundations for a sound understanding of the topic, and experimental case studies to show how Healthcare 4.0 applies to real-world situations. Coverage includes data modelling, information discovery, prediction, smart healthcare, transparency in governance, and auditing. The book's editors have brought together an international team of experts to discuss and share their opinions on Healthcare 4.0, evaluate existing solutions and provide real-world, practical case studies. Their intention has been to provide an interesting resource for researchers in the field of computer science, computer engineering, healthcare technology, computer vision, pattern recognition, machine learning, IoT, AI, signal processing, blockchain and big data and those in related disciplines.