TO VEGETATION ANALYSIS Principles, practice and interpretation D. R. CAUSTON Department oj Botany and Microbiology, University College oj Wales, Aberystwyth London UNWIN HYMAN Boston Sydney Wellington (c) D. R. Causton, 1988 This book is copyriaht under the Berne Convention. No reproduction without permission. All rights reserved. Published by the Academic Division of UIlWiB H,...Ltd IS/17 Broadwick Street, London WIV IFP, UK Allen" Unwin Inc., 8 Winchester Place, Winchester, Mass. 01890, USA Allen" Unwin (Australia) Ltd, 8 Napier Street, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia Allen" Unwin (New Zealand) Ltd in association with the Port Nicholson Press Ltd, 60 Cambridge Terrace, Wellington, New Zealand First published in 1988 British Libnry Cataloguing in Publication Data Causton, David R. An introduction to vegetation analysis: principles, practice and intepretation. I. Botany-Ecology-Mathematics I. Title S81.S'247 QK901 ISBN 978-94-011-9739-7 Libnry of Congress Cataloging-In-Publlcation Data Causton, David R. An introduction to vegetation analysis. Bibli()JJ'aphy: p. Includes index. I. Botany-EcoIOlY-Methodology. 2. Plant communities-Ilesearch-Methodology. 3. Vegetation surveys. 4. Vegetation classilication. I. Title. QK90I.C33 1987 581.S 87-19327 ISBN 978-94-011-9739-7 ISBN 978-94-011-9737-3 (eBook) DOl 10.1007/978-94-011-9737-3 Typeset in 10 on 12 point Times by Mathematical Composition Setters Ltd, Salisbury Preface This book has been written to help students and their teachers, at various levels, to understand the principles, some of the methods, and ways of interpreting vegetational and environmental data acquired in the field.